Canopus

From open-encyclopedia.com - the free encyclopedia.

This article should be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page.

Canopus

Canopus, or Alpha Carinae, is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina. A yellowish-white supergiant star, Canopus is the second brightest star in the sky with a visual magnitude of -0.62. It is located well into the southern hemisphere, at a Declination of -52° 42' (2000) and a Right Ascension of 06:24.0, and is visible on the southern horizon of even the southern US States as far north as Virginia or the African coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Canopus is, according to the Hipparcos satellite, 310 light years (96 parsecs) from our solar system (based on parallax measurement of 10.43 +/- 0.53 mas). Before Hipparcos, distance estimates for the star varied very widely, up to as much as 1200 light years; had the latter been correct Canopus would have been one of the most powerful stars in our galaxy. As is, it is still about 15,000 times brighter than the Sun and the most powerful star within 700 light years or so. It is much more luminous, intrinsically, than the sole star that appears brighter than it from Earth -- Sirius is a mere 22 times more luminous than our sun, and depends on being much closer to us to beat its rival. In fact, for a large fraction of stars in the local stellar neighbourhood, Canopus is the "brightest star in the sky".

The difficulty in measuring Canopus' distance stemmed from its unusual nature. The usual classification for Canopus is F0 IA, and F-class bright supergiants are rare and poorly understood; they may be stars in the process of evolving to or away from red giant status. This in turn made it difficult to guess how intrinsically bright it is and so how far away it might be. Direct measurement was the only way to solve the problem, and as it was too far away for earth-based parallax observations to be made, a precise distance had to wait until the Space Age.

The name "Canopus" has two common derivations, both listed in Richard Hinckley Allen's touchstone of stellar mythology, Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning; which is correct is a matter of conjecture. One comes from the legend of the Trojan War. As the constellation Carina is part of the now-obsolete, gigantic Argo Navis constellation, which represented the ship used by Jason and the Argonauts, the brightest star in the constellation was given the name of a ship's pilot from another Greek legend -- Canopus was the pilot of Menelaus' ship on his quest to retrieve Helen of Troy after she was taken by Paris.

The other etymology of the name is that it comes from the Egyptian Coptic Kahi Nub ("Golden Earth"), which refers to the way it would appear near the horizon in Egypt and be correspondingly reddened by atmospheric extinction from that position. There is also a ruined ancient Egyptian port, apparently specifically named for the star, near the mouth of the Nile (in fact, its site was the location of the Battle of the Nile).

Or it could be that Menelaus's legendary pilot was named after the port, and the port was named "Golden Floor" because of the many valuable cargoes that passed across its quays and the profits made by merchants there.

Due to its brightness and position away from the orbital plane of our solar system (the latter being in contrast to Sirius' position), Canopus is often used by American space probes for navigational purposes, using a special camera known as a "Canopus Star Tracker" in combination with a "Sun Tracker".

de:Canopus it:Canopo ja:カノープス

Canopus Corporation

Canopus Corporation is a manufacturer of video editing cards and video editing software. Their competitors include Matrox and Pinnacle Systems.