List of European cities with alternative names
From open-encyclopedia.com - the free encyclopedia.
Most cities in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
| Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
A
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Aabenraa | Ĺbenrĺ (Danish), Apenrade (German) |
| Aachen | Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrŕ (Catalan), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech) |
| Aarhus | Ĺrhus (Danish) |
| Adrianople | Adhrianúpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian) |
| Albacete | Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic) |
| Alexandroupolis | Alexandhrúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağaç (Turkish) |
| Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic) |
| Algiers | Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Alžyras (Lithuanian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish) |
| Alicante | Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), Alikantė (Lithuanian), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin) |
| Almaty | Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almata (Lithuanian), Almaty (Kazakh) |
| Amsterdam | Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, Swedish), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian), Amsterdăo (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names) |
| Ankara | Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian [obs.]), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), Ánkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic) |
| Anklam | Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) |
| Antioch | Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiokia (Finnish, Swedish), Antioquía (Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian) |
| Aquileia | Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene) |
| Archangel | Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian) |
| Arras | Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Swedish), Atrecht (Dutch) |
| Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish) |
| Ashkhabad | Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat / Aşkabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic) |
| Assisi | Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish) |
| Astana | Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian) |
| Athens | Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athene (Dutch), Athčnes (French), Athény (alternative Czech name), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish) |
| Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon) |
| Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinhăo (Portuguese), Avińón (Spanish), Awinion (Polish) |
B
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Baku | Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish) |
| Bar (Montenegro) | Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state) |
| Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Portuguese, Spanish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek), |
| Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasilía - Βασιλεία (Greek) |
| Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Bađum / Bađan / Bađon (Anglo-Saxon) |
| Bautzen | Budyšín (Czech, Slovak, Sorbian/Lusatian), Budziszyn (Polish) |
| Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech) |
| Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lithuanian) |
| Belford | Beffert (German), Befert (old German) |
| Belgrade | Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrádhi (Greek) |
| Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech) |
| Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Norwegian), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Björgvin (Icelandic) |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Verolíno (Greek) |
| Berne | Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek) |
| Białowieża | Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish) |
| Biel/Bienne | Belenus (Latin), Biel (German), Bienne (French) |
| Biella | Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin) |
| Bilbao | Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), El Botxo or El Bocho (Spanish nickname) |
| Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name) |
| Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish) |
| Bologna | Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish) |
| Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German) |
| Bordeaux | Bordeaux (French), Bordču (Gascon), Bordéus (Portuguese), Bordo (Lithuanian), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin) |
| Bonn | Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vóni - Βόννη (Greek) |
| Braniewo | Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian) |
| Brasov | Braşov (Romanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Kronstadt (German), Stephanópolis (Greek) |
| Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava] |
| Břeclav | Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German) |
| Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi (Greek) |
| Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (German), Brémský Přístav (Czech) |
| Brest (Belarus) | Brasta (Lithuanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian name) |
| Bristol | Caerodor (Welsh) |
| Brno | Brno (Czech), Brünn (German, Hungarian) |
| Bruges | Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish) |
| Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) |
| Brunswick | Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) |
| Brussels | Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (Italian [obs.]), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixéles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek) |
| Bucharest | Boekarest (Dutch), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti (Greek) |
| Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German) |
| Budapest | Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapésti (Greek) |
| Budweis | Budweis (German), Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) |
| Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian) |
| Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian) |
| Buzet | Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian) |
| Bydgoszcz | Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) |
| Bytom | Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish) |
| Bytow | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish) |
C
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) |
| Cagliari | Cagliari (Italian), Cŕller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) |
| Cairo | Le Caire (French), Caďro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Káhira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairas (Lithuanian), Kairo (Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Kairó (Hungarian), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name) |
| Cambridge (England) | Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridžas (Lithuanian) |
| Canterbury | Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch) |
| Carcassonne | Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French) |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian) |
| Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagčne (French), Carthago Nova (Latin), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) |
| Celje | Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic) |
| Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian) |
| Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) |
| Chełmno | Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German) |
| Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) |
| Chernyakhovsk | Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruc (Polish) |
| Chester | Caer (Welsh) |
| Chişinău | Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Kešenev (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Králova Huť (Czech) |
| Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) |
| Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clčves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) |
| Cluj | Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) |
| Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Slovene) |
| Coburg | Cobourg (French), Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Coimbra | Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
| Cologne | Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Keln (Serbian), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect]), Köln (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía (Greek), Kolonia (Polish) |
| Copenhagen | Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), Křbenhavn (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhági (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian) |
| Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Cňrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Slovene), al-Qurduba (Arabic) |
| Corfu | Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfů (Italian), Corfú (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (German), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) |
| Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish) |
| Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruńa (Galician), La Coruńa (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese) |
| Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech) |
| Cracow | Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kraka (Yiddish), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian) |
| Crécy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech) |
D
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian) |
| Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian [obs.]), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German) |
| Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin) |
| Dillingen | Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German) |
| Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) |
| Dover | Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian) |
| Dresden | Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezno (Polish) |
| Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian) |
| Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic) |
| Dunkirk | Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Durrës | Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës / Durrësi (Albanian) |
| Düsseldorf | Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Düsseldorf (German), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch) |
| Dushanbe | Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Dušanbė (Lithuanian), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Dusjanbe (Swedish), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name) |
E
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann (Irish), Důn Čideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German [rare]), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish) |
| Eger | Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (Polish) |
| Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German name) |
| Elbląg | Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian) |
| Ełk | Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German) |
| Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish) |
| Emmerich | Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch) |
| Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) |
| Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish) |
F
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Flensburg | Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German) |
| Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florčncia (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German) |
| Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) |
| Frankfurt | Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian) |
| Frankfurt (East Germany) | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian) |
| Freiburg | Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian) |
| Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) |
| Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese) |
| Frombork | Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish) |
G
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek) |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish Gaelic) |
| Gdańsk | Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gduńsk (Kashubian) |
| Gdynia | Gdingen (German), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) |
| Geneva | Cenevre (Turkish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genčve (Dutch), Geneve (Finnish), Genčve (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (German, Hungarian), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενέβη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian) |
| Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Gęnes (French), Gčnova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Génova / Gęnova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Zena (Genoese) |
| Ghent | Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Guanto (old Italian) |
| Gibraltar | Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Spanish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian) |
| Girona | Gerona (Spanish), Girona (Catalan) |
| Gjirokastër | Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastro (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian) |
| Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German) |
| Gliwice | Gleiwitz (German), Gliwice (Polish) |
| Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) |
| Gorizia | Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German) |
| Görlitz | Görlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech) |
| Gothenburg | Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Goeteborg (Polish), Göteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German [obs.]) |
| Göttingen | Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian) |
| Gramzow | Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish) |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Italian, Spanish, Lithuanian), Grenade (French) |
| Graz | Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) |
| Greifswald | Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish) |
| Grodno | Grodno (Polish, Russian), Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian), Gardinas (Lithuanian) |
| Groningen | Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames) |
| Grozny | Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian) |
| Grudziądz | Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish) |
| Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) |
| Gusev | Gabin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian) |
| Győr | Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
H
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Haderslev | Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish) |
| Hamburg | Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish) |
| Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna (Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish) |
| Hamelin | Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German) |
| Hanau | Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech) |
| Hanover | Anóvero - Ανόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish) |
| Heligoland | Helgoland (German) |
| Helsinki | Elsínki (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, Italian, Polish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Helsset (North Sami), Hilsīnkī (Arabic) |
| Heraklion | Candia (Italian), Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Kandiye (Turkish) |
I
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Innsbruck | Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbrukas (Lithuanian) |
| Ioannina | Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian), Yánena - Γιάννενα / Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish) |
| Istanbul | Constantinoble (Catalan), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinúpoli (Greek), Mikligarđur (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stamboul (French), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian) Former names: Bizánc / Konstantinápoly (Hungarian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizâncio / Constantinopla (Portuguese), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizant / Carigrad / Konstantinopol (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantínopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period) |
| Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English) |
J
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Finnish) |
| Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German) |
| Jihlava | Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech) |
K
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Kaliningrad | Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish name) |
| Kandalaksha | Kandalaksha (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish) |
| Kartuzy | Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish) |
| Katowice | Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) |
| Kaunas | Kauen (German), Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovno (Czech), Kowno (Polish) |
| Kem' | Kem' (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) |
| Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German) |
| Kharkov | Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian), Harkova (Finnish), Karkov (Turkish), Kharkiv (Ukrainian), Kharkov (Russian) |
| Kiel | Kiel (German), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese) |
| Kiev | Kćnugarđur (Icelandic), Kiav (Yiddish), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian), Kíev (Portuguese, Spanish), Kiev - Киев (Russian), Kíevo (Greek), Kiew (German), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyďv - Київ (Ukrainian), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak) |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) |
| Kiruna | Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish) |
| Klagenfurt | Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name) |
| Klaipeda | Klaipeda (Finnish), Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Memel (German) |
| Kobarid | Caporetto (Finnish), Kobarid (Slovene) |
| Kondopoga | Kondopoga (Russian), Kontiolahti (Finnish) |
| Konstanz | Constance (French, variant in English), Constância (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian), Konstancja (Polish), Köstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech) |
| Köpenick | Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech) |
| Koper | Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene) |
| Košice | Kaschau (German), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Serbian, Slovak), Koszyce (Polish) |
| Kosovo Polje | Amselfeld (German), Champ des merles (French), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Rigómező (Hungarian) |
| Kotor | Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Krems | Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech) |
| Kristianstad | Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian) |
| Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristingrad (Serbian) |
| Krnov | Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (older Polish name), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish) |
| Kudowa Zdrój | Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish) |
| Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German) |
L
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian) |
| Lahti | Lahti (Finnish, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Lappeenranta | Lappeenranta (Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Lausanne | Lausanne (French), Lausana (Spanish), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni (Greek), Lozanna (Polish), Luzana (Slovene) |
| Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian) |
| Leghorn | Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Romanian), Livourne (French) |
| Leiden | Leida (Italian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English) |
| Leipzig | Lajpcig (Serbian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipzig (French, German, Slovene), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak) |
| Lębork | Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish) |
| Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian) |
| Liege | Ličge (French), Liegi (Italian), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liež (Serbian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German) |
| Lier | Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French) |
| Lille | Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lille (French), Rijsel (Dutch) |
| Limerick | Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish) |
| Linz | Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Slovene) |
| Lisbon | Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Lisabona (Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene) |
| Liverpool | Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh) |
| Ljubljana | Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (French, Slovene), Lubiana (Italian), Lublaň (Czech), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubyana (Turkish) |
| Lleida | Lerida (Italian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan) |
| Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| London | Landan (Arabic), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londen (Dutch), Londhíno (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic) |
| Londonderry | Derio (Esperanto), Derry (official name in Republic of Ireland), Doire (Irish) |
| Lourdes | Lourdes (French, Italian), Lurdy (Czech) |
| Louvain | Leuven (Dutch), Louvain (French), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German) |
| Lübeck | Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lyypekki (Finnish) |
| Lucca | Lucca (Italian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) |
| Lucerne | Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Romansh, Polish, Romanian, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni (Greek), Luzern (German, Finnish, Serbian, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan) |
| Luleĺ | Luleĺ (Swedish)Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish) |
| Lüneburg | Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German), Luneburgo (Italian), Lunenburg (variant in English) |
| Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Afrikaans, French), Luxemburg (Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh) |
| L'viv | Lavov (Croatian), Lemberg (German, Hungarian), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Liov (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), Lvov (Finnish, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lwów (Polish) |
| Lyon | Liăo (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (French, German, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name) |
M
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Maastricht | Maastricht (Dutch), Maestricht (former French), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (local Limburger dialect), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian) |
| Madrid | Madhríti (Greek), Madri (Portuguese), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish) |
| Mainz | Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainz (German), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect) |
| Malbork | Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German) |
| Manchester | Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian) |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese) |
| Maribor | Marburg (German), Maribor (Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz | Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseilles | Marseille (French), Marsel' (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha (Provençal), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía (Greek), Marselis (Lithuanian) |
| Mechelen | Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French), Mechelen (Dutch/Flemish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name) |
| Meissen | Meißen (German), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk | Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (older German name) |
| Metz | Divodurum (Latin), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (French, German, Italian, Romanian) |
| Mikkeli | Mikkeli (Finnish), St. Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov | Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan | Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana (former Greek name), Mediolānum (Latin), Milŕ (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Miláno (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milăo (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian) |
| Minsk | Mensk (Belarusian), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian) |
| Miskolc | Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish) |
| Monaco | Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque) |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French) |
| Montbéliard | Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French) |
| Moscow | Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Moskau (German), Móskha (Greek), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Danish, Russian, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Polish), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Mukacheve | Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh (Yiddish), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse | Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhúzy (Czech) |
| Munich | Minhen (Serbian), Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho (Greek), München (Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese) |
| Murmansk | Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansk - Мурманск (Russian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (older Finnish names), Muurmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name) |
N
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Nancy | Nancy (French), Nanzig (German) |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nŕpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (old Romanian name), Neápoli (modern Greek), Neápolis (ancient Greek) |
| Narbonne | Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Italian), Narbonne (French) |
| Neuchâtel | Neuchâtel (French), Neuenburg (German) |
| Nice | Niça (Catalan), Nicea (Polish), Níkea (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian), Nica (Lithuanian) |
| Newport | Casnewydd (Welsh) |
| Nicosia | Lefkoşe (Turkish), Lefkosía (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikozija (Lithuanian) |
| Nijmegen | Nijmegen (Dutch), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimčgue (French), Nimwegen (German) |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Niny Novgordas (Lithuanian) |
| Novi Sad | Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian) |
| Nuremberg | Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Finnish, German, Hungarian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian) |
O
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) | Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech) |
| Oldenburg | Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian) |
| Olomouc | Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish) |
| Olsztyn | Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Oltinas (Lithuanian) |
| Opava | Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole | Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oporto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Portas (Lithuanian) |
| Oradea | Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian), Varadinum (Latin) |
| Oranienburg | Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German name), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oslo | Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian) |
| Osnabrück | Osnabrück (German), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian) |
| Oświęcim | Auschwitz (German), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Oświęcim (Polish) |
| Oulu | Oulu (Finnish), Uleĺborg (Swedish) |
| Oxford | Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksfordas (Lithuanian) |
P
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak), Pádua (Portuguese), Padwa (Polish) |
| Palermo | Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Polish), Palermas (Lithuanian) |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruńa (Basque), Pamplona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish) |
| Paris | Bārīs (Arabic), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish), Paris (French), Parísi (Greek), Pariso or Parizo (Esperanto), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Serbian), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Párizs (Hungarian), Paryż (Polish), Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian) |
| Parma | Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Pärnu | Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian), Pernau (German), Piarnu (Lithuanian) |
| Passau | Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian) |
| Pazin | Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian) |
| Pécs | Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak) |
| Perpignan | Perpignan (French), Perpignano (Italian), Perpińán (Spanish), Perpinhăo (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyŕ (Catalan) |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian), Perusa (Spanish) |
| Petroskoy | Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (old Finnish name), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian) |
| Piacenza | Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish) |
| Plauen | Plauen (German), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven | Pleven (Bulgarian), Plevno (Czech) |
| Plovdiv | Filibe (Turkish), Filippopoli (Italian), Philippoúpolis (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (ancient Macedonian, Moesian) |
| Plymouth | Pleimuiden (Dutch), Plimuto (Esperanto) |
| Plzeň | Pilsen (German, Italian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech) |
| Podgorica | Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name) |
| Pompeii | Pompei (Italian), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Serbian), Pompeje (Polish), Pompiia (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), "Pompėja" (Lithuanian) |
| Porec | Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian) |
| Pori | Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish) |
| Portorož | Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Slovene) |
| Porvoo | Borgĺ (Swedish), Porvoo (Finnish) |
| Potsdam | Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdamas (Lithuanian) |
| Poznań | Poznań (Polish), Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French), Poznanė (Lithuanian) |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (Croatian, Danish, German, Norwegian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Prag or Prog (Yiddish), Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto) |
| Pravdinsk | Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Priozersk | Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name) |
| Pristina | Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priştina (Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristino (Esperanto), Pritina (Lithuanian) |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish) |
| Pskov | Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German), Pskovas (Lithuanian) |
| Pula | Pola (Italian), Pula (Croatian) |
| Pyrzyce | Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish) |
R
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Rauma | Rauma (Finnish), Raumo (Swedish) |
| Riga | Rīġā (Arabic), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Riga (Italian, Portuguese) |
| Rijeka | Fiume (Italian, Hungarian), Rijeka (Croatian) |
| Regensburg | Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (English [obs.], Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German) |
| Rheims | Reims (French), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsas (Lithuanian) |
| Rome | Rhufain (Welsh)Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Rom (German), Rómi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Romo (Esperanto), Rūmiya (Arabic), Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish) |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish) |
| Rostock | Rostock (German), Roztoky (Czech), Rostokas (Lithuanian) |
| Rouen | Rouen (French), Ruăo (Portuguese), Rúđuborg (Icelandic) |
| Rovaniemi | Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Finnish, Swedish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian) |
| Rovinj | Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian) |
S
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Saarbrücken | Saarbrücken (German), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian) |
| Saarlouis | Sarrelouis (French), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945) |
| Sagunto | Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish) |
| Salzburg | Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Slovene), Salzburgo (Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech) , Zalcburgas (Lithuanian) |
| Samara | Kujbišev (Slovene), Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Samarkand | Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand (Slovene), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish), Samarkandas (Lithuanian) |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebastiŕ (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian) |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian) |
| Saragossa | Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish) |
| Sarajevo | Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Slovene), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian) |
| Saranda | (Áyii) Saránda (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Saverne | Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen | Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schweinfurt | Schweinfurt (German, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin | Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz | Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Senj | Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Slovene), Zengg (old Hungarian name) |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (Romanian [obs.]), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Slovak, Spanish, German), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sevilija (Lithuanian) |
| Shkodër | Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German) |
| Sibenik | Sebenico (Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sibiu | Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Szeben (Hungarian) |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovene, Turkish), Siena (Lithuanian) |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Skop'e (Russian), Skópia (Greek), Skopia (Spanish), Skopie (Bulgarian), Skopje (Slovene), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian) |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) |
| Solin | Salona (Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sofia | Serdica (Latin), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Sofia (Italian), Sofía (Spanish), Sofija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Szófia (Hungarian) |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solothurn (German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sřnderborg | Sonderburg (German) |
| Sopron | Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian) |
| Sovetsk | Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Slovene), Tilsit (German), Tilė (Lithuanian) |
| Speyer | Spires (English [obs.]), Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spire (French), Spira (Italian), Špýr (Czech) |
| Split | Spalato (Italian), Split (Croatian, Slovene), Splitas (Lithuanian) |
| St. Gallen | Saint-Gall (French), Sankt Gallen (German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St. Petersburg | Ayía Petrúpoli (Greek), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Péterbourg (French), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian), Sankt Peterzburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), Săo Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Szentpétervár (Hungarian); Leningrad (former name), Leningrado (former Italian name), Petrograd (former Russian name, former Slovene name), Petrohrad (former Czech name), Piotrogród (former Polish name), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian) |
| St. Moritz | Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech) |
| Stockholm | Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Slovene, Swedish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi (Greek), Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokholmas (Lithuanian) |
| Stralsund | Stralsund (German), Strzałowo (Polish) |
| Strasbourg | Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Slovene), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian) |
| Straubing | Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Stuttgart | Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (German, Slovene), Stoutgárdhi (Greek), tutgartas (Lithuanian) |
| Subotica | Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Slovene), Szabadka (Hungarian) |
| Swansea | Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Slovene) |
| Świnoujście | Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse | Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Syrakusa (Finnish), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian) |
| Szczecin | Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Szczecin (Polish), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Šćećin (Serbian), tetinas (Lithuanian) |
| Szczytno | Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish) |
| Szeged | Segedín (Czech), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian) |
| Székesfehérvár | Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak) |
| Szentendre | Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely | Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene) |
T
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Tallinn | Lindanissa (Latin variant), Rävel (old Swedish name), Reval (old German name), Revalia (Latin), Rewal or Tallin (Polish), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Taljin (Serbian), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak, Spanish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish), Talinas (Lithuanian) |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Finnish), Tamperė (Lithuanian) |
| Taranto | Taranto (Italian), Táras (ancient Greek), Tarent (Czech, German, Serbian), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin) |
| Tartu | Tartto (Finnish), Dorpat (German, Polish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918) |
| Tashkent | Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient / Taszkent (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Taşkent (Romanian, Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek), Taschkent (German), Takentas (Lithuanian) |
| Tbilisi | Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Tiflis (German, Italian [obs.], Turkish), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Tibilisi / Tyflis (Polish), Tbilisis (Lithuanian) |
| Tekirdağ | Rodosto (Greek), Rodostó (Hungarian) |
| Terezín | Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German) |
| Těšín | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Tešín (Slovak) |