Delaware
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| State nickname: The First State | |||||
| Other U.S. States | |||||
| Capital | Dover | ||||
| Largest city | Wilmington | ||||
| Governor | Ruth Ann Minner | ||||
| Official languages |
None | ||||
| Area (rank) | 6,452 km² (49th) | ||||
| - Land | 5,068 km² | ||||
| - Water (%) | 1,387 km² (21.5%) | ||||
| Population as of 2000 Census | |||||
| - Population (rank) | 783,600 (45th) | ||||
| - Density (rank) | 154.87 /km² (7th) | ||||
| Admittance into Union | |||||
| - Date (order) | December 7, 1787 (1st) | ||||
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 | ||||
| Latitude | 38°27'N to 39°50'N | ||||
| Longitude | 75°2'W to 75°47'W | ||||
| Width : Length | 48 km : 161 km | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest | 137 meters | ||||
| - Mean | 18 meters | ||||
| - Lowest | 0 meters | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | US-DE | ||||
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Delaware is a state of the United States. It is known as the "First State" because it was the first of the 13 colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. Ratification occurred on December 7, 1787.
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History
Europeans first settled in a Dutch trading post at "Zwaanendael" (or "Swaanendael," present-day Lewes (pronounced "Lewis") in 1631. The area became "New Sweden" with a colony established by Swedes (led by Peter Minuit) around Fort Christina (now Wilmington) in 1638.
The name "Delaware" comes from the title of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, erstwhile governor of the colony of Virginia. The deed to the property that is now Delaware was granted to William Penn in 1682, by James, Duke of York (later, James II of England), and was part of the colony of Pennsylvania. In 1704 the "three lower counties" gained a separate legislature, and in 1710 a separate executive council.
However, Cęcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore of Maryland claimed a competing grant to lands in the southern portion of Pennsylvania and most of Delaware. Thus raged over 100 years of litigation between William Penn and Baltimore, and, later, their heirs, in the High Court of Chancery in London. The legal battles were settled by the heirs agreeing to a survey -- which resulted in the Mason-Dixon line, surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767. Part of the Line now forms the north-south boundary between Delaware and Maryland (the east-west boundary is known as the Transpeninsular Line), and some 80 of their original limestone markers remain.
Delaware was one of the thirteen colonies which revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. After the Revolution began in 1776, the three counties became "The Delaware State," and in 1792 that entity adopted its first constitution, declaring itself to be the "State of Delaware." Its first governors went by the title of "President of the Delaware State".
The oldest black church in the country was chartered in Delaware by former-slave Peter Spencer in 1813 as the "Union Church of Africans," which is now the A.U.M.P. Church. The Big August Quarterly which began in 1814 is still celebrated and is the oldest such cultural festival in the country.
During the American Civil War, Delaware was a slave state that remained in the Union (Delaware voters voted not to secede on January 3, 1861). Eight months after the end of the Civil War, however, Delaware voted on February 18, 1865 to reject the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution and so voted unsuccessfully to continue slavery beyond the Civil War. Delaware ratified the amendment on February 12, 1901--40 years after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.
Law and government
Delaware's fourth and current constitution was adopted in 1897 and provides for executive, judicial and legislative bodies. The legislative body consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Delaware and the judicial branch provides for a hierarchy of courts with the state Supreme Court being the highest.
The present governor of Delaware is Ruth Ann Minner (Democrat). The lieutenant governor is John C. Carney. Delaware's U.S. Senators are Joseph R. Biden (Democrat) and Thomas Carper (Democrat). Delaware's single US Representative is former Governor, Michael N. Castle (Republican). See: List of Delaware Governors Delaware only has 3 counties: Kent County, New Castle County, and Sussex County. See: List of counties in Delaware
Geography
Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania, to the east by the Delaware River and the Atlantic Ocean and to the west and south by Maryland. The largest city is Wilmington, and the capital is Dover. The U.S. Air Force base outside Dover is one of the largest in the U.S. In addition to its other responsibilities, Dover AFB serves as the entry point and morgue for American military persons (and some U.S. government civilians) who die overseas.
There are no network broadcast-television stations in Delaware, although a public-television station from Philadelphia, WHYY, maintains a studio and broadcasting facility in Wilmington. There are cable-television stations and radio stations, and some of the out-of-state broadcast-television stations maintain small facilities in Delaware that can "upload" signals to the stations' main facilities. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the southern part by network stations in Salisbury, Maryland.
Economy
Delaware's agricultural output consists of poultry, nursery stock, soybeans, dairy products and corn. Its industrial outputs include chemical products, processed foods, paper products, rubber and plastic products.
Demographics
- Area: 1,954 mile² (5061 km²)
- Population: 783,600 (2000)
- Capital: Dover
- Counties: 3 (see: List of Delaware counties)
- Bird: Blue Hen Chicken
- Bug: Lady Bug
- Flower: Peach Blossom
- Tree: American Holly
- Nicknames: First State, Diamond State, Blue Hen State, Small Wonder
Important cities
Economy
Delaware's economy generally outperforms the national economy of the United States. Its largest employers are concentrated in science (E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Syngenta, AstraZeneca, Hercules), banking (MBNA America, Wilmington Trust Company, First USA / Bank One, JPMorgan Chase, AIG, Citigroup), manufacturing (General Motors, Chrysler), and farming, specifically chicken farming in Sussex County (Perdue, Mountaire Farms).
Education
Colleges and universities
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Professional sports teams
Delaware's only professional sports team is the Wilmington Blue Rocks minor league baseball team, a Class A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox.
Miscellaneous information
The USS Delaware was named in honor of this state.
Other places named Delaware
The Delaware River is a major river in the eastern United States, rising in New York State, forming the boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and emptying into Delaware Bay, which separates New Jersey from the state of Delaware.
Delaware Native Americans
Delaware is also the name of a Native American group (called in their own name Lenni Lenape) that was very influential in the dawning days of the United States. However, a band of the Nanticoke tribe of Indians still remains in Sussex County.
See also
- Delaware corporation
- Some neighboring states contain locations named Delaware Township or Delaware County.
External links
- State of Delaware homepage
- Delaware Map Data
- The Emancipation Proclamation Includes a short introduction.
- U.S. Senate site with the full U.S. Constitution and the Thirteenth Amendment "Slavery and Involuntary Servitude"
| Regions of Delaware | |
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| Delaware Valley | Cape Region | |
| Counties | |
| Kent | New Castle | Sussex |
| Political divisions of the United States | | ||||||
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