Great Renaming
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The Great Renaming was a restructuring of Usenet newsgroups that took place in 1987. The primary reason was said to be an administrative reason, difficulty of maintaining a list of all the existing groups. [1] Alternative account points to the fact that European networks refused to pay for some of the discussion intensive groups regarding religion and racism, and generated a need for categorization of all such newsgroups. [2], [3] The suggested category for the newsgroups less popular among European networks was "talk." In either account, Rick Adams, is generally considered to be the one who initiated this.
At that time, the newsgroups were categorized into three hierarchies: "fa." for groups gatewayed from ARPANET, "mod." for moderated discussions, and "net." for unmoderated groups. Names of the groups were said to be rather haphazard. (see The Great Renaming FAQ.)
The backbone providers, or the backbone cabal, were instrumental in this reorganization of Usenet since they had a great influence on supporting a new newsgroup. Some suggest that members of the cabal had interests in bundling certain newsgroups into talk hierarchy, in order that they not to be objected to by their supervisors. [4]
A more detailed account of reasons behind the Renaming can also be seen in a email message by Gene Spafford at net.news and net.news.group.
These newsgroups were categorized into a series of hierarchies, to make it easier for newsgroups to be created and distributed. These hierarchies were initially set as:
- comp.* - Computer related discussions (comp.software, comp.sys.amiga)
- misc.* - Miscellaneous topics (misc.education, misc.forsale, misc.kids)
- news.* - Newsgroup-related matters. This hierarchy was not originally intended for reporting news events; it was meant to deal with matters of Usenet in particlar. (news.groups, news.admin)
- rec.* - Recreation and entertainment (rec.music, rec.arts.movies)
- sci.* - Science related discussions (sci.psychology, sci.research)
- soc.* - Social discussions (soc.college.org, soc.culture.african)
- talk.* - Talk about various controversial topics (talk.religion, talk.politics)
These particular hierarchies, known collectively as the "Big Seven," were open and free for anyone to participate (except for the moderated newsgroups), though they were subject to a few general rules governing their naming and distribution.
Several other popular hierarchies remained on Usenet as well, such as the k12.* hierarchy (which covered topics especially relating to education, schools, and colleges).
An additional hierarchy, the alt hierarchy, was also created shortly after the Renaming. The term "alt" was originally meant as a humorous acronym for "anarchists, lunatics, and terrorists," though it became widely known as "alternative." The alt.* hierarchy was meant to be completely free from outside control, and it was not subject to the regulations of the Big Seven.
In the mid 1990s, when the Usenet traffic grew significantly, one more hierarchy--"humanities"--was introduced, and with the seven hierarchies created by the Renaming, comprises today's so-called "Big Eight".
