List of operating systems

From open-encyclopedia.com - the free encyclopedia.

Categorization of operating systems

Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.

See also: Category:Operating systems, Category:Unix-like, Category:Free software

Early, and historically important

• CTSS (The Compatible TimeShare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)
• Incompatible_Timesharing_System (The Incompatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
• THE operating system (by Dijkstra et al)
• Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
• Master programme developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962.
• See Operating systems timeline.

Early, proprietary microcomputer OS

• Apple Computer (initial version was ROM'd firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
• Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
• Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
• The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
• Sinclair Micro and QX, etc
• TRS-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
• TI99-4
• Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
• FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
• mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)

Proprietary

Acorn

• Arthur
• ARX
• RISC OS
• RISCiX

Amiga

• AmigaOS

Atari ST

• TOS
• MultiTOS
• MiNT

Apple/Macintosh

• Apple DOS
• ProDOS
• GS/OS
• Lisa OS
• A/UX
• Mac OS
• Mac OS X
• Mac OS X Server
• Darwin

Be Incorporated

• BeOS
  • BeIA
• Zeta

Digital/Compaq/HP

• AIS

• OS/8
• ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
• TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
• WAITS
• TENEX (from BBN)
• TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
• RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s)
• RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
• RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
• VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)

IBM

• PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)
• OS/2 (aka MS-OS/2)
  • OS/2 Warp
• Basic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim)
• TOS
• OS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture)
• DOS/360
• DOS/VSE
• z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)
• VM/CMS
• z/VM (latest version of the VM line)
• MFT (later called OV/VS1)
• MVT (later called OV/VS2)
• SVS
• MVS (latest variant of MVT)
• TPF
• OS/390
• z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS)
• OS/400
• AIX (a version of Unix)
• ALCS
• IBSYS
• DPPX
• K42

ICT/ICL

• GEORGE
• VME
• DME
• TME

Microsoft

• MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)
• Windows CE (compact edition, for handhelds)
• Microsoft Windows
  • Windows 1.0
  • Windows 2.0
  • Windows 3.0 the first version to make substantial commercial impact
  • Windows 3.1
  • Windows 3.11 for workgroups
  • Windows 95
  • Windows 98 there was a 98 Second Edition as well
  • Windows Me
• OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
• Windows NT
  • Windows NT 3.5
  • Windows NT 4.0
  • Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
  • Windows XP (based on Win2K internally; 4 versions: Home, Professional, Media Center, and Tablet PC)
  • Windows Server 2003
  • Microsoft Codename Longhorn (will be released in 2006)
  • Microsoft Codename Blackcomb (will be released some time between 2010 and 2012)
• Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)

Sun Microsystems

• Solaris, Unix-like
• SunOS, Unix-like, (became Solaris)
• Java Desktop System

Other

• THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems

• Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
• Cromix (Unix-emulating OS from Cromemco)
• Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
• DNIX
• Digital UNIX (which became HP's Tru64)
• HP-UX from HP
• Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
• IRIX from SGI
• Mac OS X from Apple Computer
• NeXTSTEP
• OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
  • OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
  • OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
• OSF/1
• OPENSTEP
• QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
• Rhapsody
• RiscOS
• RMX
• SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO)
• System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
• UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
• Ultrix (DEC's first version of Unix for VAX, PDP-11, and MIPS architectures, based on BSD)
• UniCOS
• MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)

Nonproprietary Unix-like

Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems

• Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
• UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
• Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
• Plan 9 (networking OS developed at Bell Labs)
• Plan 9, Inferno (networked OS originally from Bell Labs Computer Research)
• Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)

Open source Unix-like

• BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
  • FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  • DragonFly_BSD forked from FreeBSD
  • NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  • OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
• Linux
• GNU Hurd
• SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University

Disk operating system

• QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
  • MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
  • PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
• DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..] DOS variant)
• FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)

Research non-UNIX

• Mach (from OS kernel research at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)
• Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
• TUNES, 1994
• V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
• L4 Second generation microkernel

Generic/commodity, non-UNIX, and other

• TripOS, 1978
• MorphOS (by Genesi)
• Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
  • CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research))
  • CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
  • MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
  • MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
• GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M and DOS)
• VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
• 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS)
• DESQView (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
  • DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
• GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
• 4NT (command-line user interface for Microsoft Windows)
• SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
• NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
• FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
• SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
• JavaOS
• UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
• Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
• AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
• VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
• Pick (often licensed and renamed)
• Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
• BS1000 by Siemens AG
• BS2000 by Siemens AG
• BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
• VM2000 by Siemens AG
• OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
• OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
• MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
• nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad_de_Chile

Hobby OS

• AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
• BlueIllusion OS
• BOS - 100% assembler OS
• Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
• ReactOS (Windows NT workalike)
• AtheOS became Syllable
  • Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)
• Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly language
• Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
• LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
• Panalix
• SECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus.
• SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)
• Trion Operating System
• NewOS
• Visopsys
• Unununium - Homepage

Embedded

• Embedded Linux

Personal digital assistants (PDAs)

• Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
• EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
• Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, from Microsoft
  • Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
• Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq

Smartphones

• Windows CE
• Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680
• Symbian OS

Router

• IOS by Cisco_Systems

Microcontroller, Real-time operating system

• Contiki
• eCos
• Rtems [1]
• FreeRTOS [2]
• OSEK
• Nucleus
• QNX
• VxWorks
• ITRON
• µCLinux
• Embedded Linux
• TRON OS developed by Ken Sakamura
• ThreadX
• INTEGRITY
• MontaVista Linux
• OS-9 by Microware
• LynxOS
• RTOS

Interpreted

• Par-OS
• J98
• GWOS
• Swodniw

Fictional Operating Systems

Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.

• Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
• ALTIMIT_OS - From .hack
• Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
• Wheatonix - April fool's joke.
• Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
• Luna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [3]
• Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
• LCARS- From television's Star Trek
• NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.

External Links

A catalog of operating systems

da:Styresystemer de:Liste der Betriebssysteme he:מערכות הפעלה hu:Operációs rendszerek listája pt:Lista de sistemas operativos simple:List of operating systems sv:Lista över operativsystem zh:操作系统列表