Poole
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de:Poole eo:Poole
| Borough of Poole | |
|---|---|
| Geography | |
| Status: | Unitary, Borough |
| Region: | South West England |
| Ceremonial County: | Dorset |
| Area: - Total | Ranked 285th 64.88 km² |
| Admin. HQ: | Poole |
| ONS code: | 00HP |
| Demographics | |
| Population: - Total (2002 est.) - Density | Ranked 123rd 137,938 2,126 / km² |
| Ethnicity: | 98.2% White |
| Politics | |
| Borough of Poole http://www.poole.gov.uk/ | |
| Leadership: | Leader & Cabinet |
| Executive: | Conservative |
| MPs: | Annette Brooke, Robert Syms |
Poole is a coastal town, port and tourist destination in the traditional county of Dorset in southern England. The town has a population of 138,299 (2001). The town is situated beside a large natural harbour, on the shores of the English Channel. The town is part of a conurbation with Bournemouth a slightly larger but much younger neighbouring coastal town.
Poole is positioned on a very popular stretch of coastline, with the resort of Bournemouth to the east, Studland to the south and the Jurassic coast southeast. The town has, therefore, grown rapidly, and Sandbanks, a small sand spit across part of the harbour mouth is so popular that it has the fourth highest land value, by area, in the world. There are many exclusive homes both on Sandbanks and the whole of the area stretching east from the Harbour to The Avenue (the eastern boundary of Poole).
Prominent employers in Poole include Barclays Bank, Hamworthy Engineering, Poole Packaging, Sunseekers and Ryvita.
| Contents |
Harbour
Main article: Poole Harbour.
Poole Harbour is one of the largest natural harbours in the world and Poole has been a working port for many hundreds of years, though the port has declined somewhat as the shallow harbour cannot take the largest modern ships. The harbour is noted for its ecology, supporting a range of different habitats as well as the Brownsea Island nature reserve, where the Scouting movement began. Today the port is amongst other things the home of Sunseeker, manufacturers of luxury yachts, and the departure point for ferries (e.g. Brittany Ferries) to France. The quayside and harbour played an important role in World War 2 being the place from which many ships involved in the D-Day landings departed.
History
The Poole Harbour area has been inhabited for well over 2,000 years, and was used by the Celtic Durotriges peoples who lived in Dorset in the iron age, particularly around Wareham, five miles to the west. The earliest significant archaeological find in the harbour itself is the Poole Longboat, a 10 metre boat made from a single oak tree and dating to 295 BCE. At the time the harbour was probably shallower and any settlement would now be under water. During the last few centuries before the Roman invasion the Celtic people were moving from the hilltop settlements, such as Maiden Castle and Badbury Rings on the chalk downs to the north, and onto the lower vales and heathland around the River Frome. It may be this marshy area which gave the Durotriges, "water dwellors", their name. The Durotriges probabaly engaged in cross-chanel trading at Poole with the Veneti, a seafaring tribe from Brittany.
In the Roman invasion of Britain in the 1st century, Poole was one of a number of harbouring sites along the south coast where the Romans landed. The Romans founded Hamworthy, an area just west of the modern town centre, and continued to use the harbour during the occupation.
Poole was a small fishing village at the time of the Norman Conquest, but grew rapidly into an important port exporting Wool, and in 1433 was made Port of the Staple. By then the town had trade links from the Baltic to Spain. In the 17th century transatlantic trade and travel developed and at the start of the 18th century Poole was beating rival Bristol as the busiest port in England. The town grew rapidly during the industrial revolution as urbanisation took place, and the merchants put up tenament buildings (mostly demolished in the 1960s).
At the turn of the 19th century 9 out of 10 working people in Poole were working for the harbour, but as the century progressed ships got too large for the shallow harbour and the port began loosing business to the deepwater ports at Liverpool, Southampton and Plymouth.
In the 19th century the beaches and landscape of south west Hampshire and the Isle of Purbeck district of Dorset began to attract large numbers of tourists and the village of Bournemouth, five miles east of Poole, began to grow as a holliday town. Growth accelerated and Poole and Bournemouth have become a single conurbation, though Poole remains the more industrial part of the town.
The town centre has many of the old buildings put up by the wealthy merchants, such as the 1761 market house and Sir Peter Thompson's 1746 town house designed by John Bastard. The 18th and 20th century buildings hide other earler buildings, such as the medieval granary and Scaplen's House and the Tudor almshouses. However, the town suffered both from bombing in World War II and the utilitarian town planning of the economically drained post-war Britain, and has lost many old buildings. In recent years, however, some regeneration has taken place, with the demolition of Hamworthy power station and some decaying old warehouses and 1960s tower blocks.
On April 1, 1997 the town was made a unitary authority, administratively independent from Dorset.
Culture, Recreation and Entertainment
Poole Harbour is a popular location for watersports because it is sheltered and calm, and the town has a large yacht club. Poole is also noted for its motorcycle speedway team, the Poole Pirates.
Tower Park in Poole is one of the largest entertainment complexes in Europe. The arts centre has recently been refurbished and is now known as The Lighthouse.
Places of intrest
- Brownsea Island
- Compton Acres Gardens
- Poole pottery.
External links
References
- Cochrane, C, 1970. Poole Bay and Purbeck, 300BC to AD1660. Dorchester, Longmans.
- Pitt-Rivers, Michael, 1968. Dorset. London: Faber & Faber
- Poole Harbour Commision, The history of Poole Harbour (accessed 2004/11/09)
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