Provisional government

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A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. A provisional government holds power until elections can be held or a permanent government can otherwise be established. Provisional governments often occur as the result of a revolution or in wartime when an occupied nation or territory has been liberated or, conversely, when a government has been deposed by an invading army.

Examples of provisional governments include:

• Russian Provisional Government, 1917 established as a result of the February Revolution which overthrew the Tsar.
• Provisional Government of Hawaii established in 1893 when a committee of American businessmen overthrew the Kingdom of Hawaii and its queen, Liliuokalani
• Provisional Government of Ireland established in 1919 when MPs supporting the creation of an independent Irish state withdrew from the British House of Commons and declared an independent Ireland.
• Coalition Provisional Authority established in Iraq by the United States and its allies following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and overthrow of Saddam Hussein.
• The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam was established as an alternative Communist government in 1969. It ruled South Vietnam between the fall of Saigon to North Vietnamese troops in 1975 and the creation of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976.

Provisional governments were also established throughout Europe as occupied nations were liberated from Nazi occupation by the Allies. In France the Provisional Government of the Republic was established by the Free French Forces under Charles de Gaulle after the liberation of the country from the Nazis. The government led France from 1944 until the establishment of the Fourth Republic in 1947.