Sample

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In general, a sample is a part of the total, such as one individual or a set of individuals from a population (of people or things), a small piece or amount of something larger, a number of function values of a function, or part of a song. Sampling, then, is the selection of a subset from a larger whole.

It has distinct meanings in:

probability theory and statistics: sampling (statistics), statistical sample, sample space
digital signal processing: a sample refers to the value attained by an analog signal acquired at regular intervals when digitising it.
music: a sample refers to any sound played back from a digital sampler device based on the principle referred to above.
soil and groundwater sampling and testing for environmental remediation.

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