Seven Wonders of the World

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The seven wonders of the world are usually taken to be the seven wonders of the ancient world, which were structures built by humans which represented the most impressive achievements of ancient civilizations.

The originator of the list is usually given as Antipater of Sidon, who listed the structures in a poem (around 140 BC):

"I have set eyes on the wall of lofty Babylon on which is a road for chariots, and the statue of Zeus by the Alpheus, and the hanging gardens, and the Colossus of the Sun, and the huge labour of the high pyramids, and the vast tomb of Mausolus; but when I saw the house of Artemis that mounted to the clouds, those other marvels lost their brilliancy, and I said, 'Lo, apart from Olympus, the Sun never looked on aught so grand.'" (Antipater, Greek Anthology IX.58)

The historian Herodotus, the scholar Callimachus of Cyrene (ca 305–240 BC) at the Museum of Alexandria, and the engineer Philon of Byzantium had made earlier lists but the writings have not survived, except as references. The Greek category was not "Wonders" but "theamata"— closer to "must-sees".

Contents

1 Wonders of the World list

2 Other candidates

3 Modern candidates

4 Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind

5 See also

6 External links and references

7 Further readings

Wonders of the World list

The Wonders of the Ancient World list, with the Pharos of Alexandria, is medieval in origin. Antipater's list had the walls of Babylon rather than the lighthouse. In chronological order, they are:

The Pyramids of Giza - serving as tombs for the Egyptian pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, in present Egypt. Built during Egypt's 4th dynasty (ca 2575–ca 2465 BC)
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon - built by Nebuchadnezzar II, ca 8th–6th century BC, in present Iraq.
The Statue of Zeus - at Olympia, carved by the Greek sculptor Phidias, ca 430 BC in present Greece.
The Temple of Artemis - 356 BC, at Ephesus, present Turkey.
The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus - tomb of Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, built between ca 353 and 351 BC, at Halicarnassus, present Bodrum, Turkey.
The Colossus of Rhodes - a huge statue of Helios, built ca 292–280 BC, in present Greece.
The Pharos of Alexandria - lighthouse built ca 280 BC on the island of Pharos off Alexandria, by Sostratus of Cnidus, in present Egypt.

Two of each of the wonders were within the territories of today's Egypt, Greece, and Turkey, and one in Iraq. The only surviving wonder is the first built, the Pyramids of Giza. The wonder with the shortest life span was the Colossus of Rhodes, which kept its erect posture for only 56 years before being brought down by an earthquake. There is some controversy as to whether the Hanging Gardens of Babylon ever in fact existed.

Other candidates

After a lot more of the world was discovered by the western world, wonders new to the western world made their appearance on new lists of wonders:

Hagia Sophia (Turkey)
Angkor Wat (Cambodia)
Stonehenge (United Kingdom)
The Acropolis (Greece)
The Great Sphinx of Giza (near the Great Pyramid, in Egypt)
The Great Wall of China (Northern China)
The Porcelain Tower (in Nanjing, China)
The Chichen Itza (Yucatán, Mexico)
The Taj Mahal (near Agra, India)
Candi Borobudur in Indonesia

Modern candidates

Many people have since devised lists of wonders of the modern world. The American Society of Civil Engineers has its list of historic civil engineering landmarks, for example. Some of the most prominent candidates include:

The Channel Tunnel (United Kingdom and France)
The CN Tower (Toronto, Canada)
The World Trade Center (New York, United States)
The Empire State Building (New York, USA)
The Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, USA)
The Itaipu Dam (Brazil and Paraguay)
The Delta Works, North Sea protection works (The Netherlands)
The Panama Canal (Panama)
The Statue of Liberty (New York, USA)
The Eiffel Tower (Paris, France)
The Forth Rail Bridge, Scotland, UK
The Kremlin and Red Square (Moscow, Russia)
Mamayev Kurgan (Volgograd, Russia)
The Sydney Opera House (Sydney, Australia)
The SkyDome (Toronto, Canada)

Wonders of the natural world

Similar to other list of wonders, there is no consensus on a list of seven natural wonders of the world. Candidates commonly cited include:

Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind

Main article: Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind

External links and references

The World's Top 100 Wonders - a list of architectural, engineering and natural wonders by Howard Hillman, a renowned travel writer.
"New 7 Wonders". NewOpenWorld Foundation.
Camp, Charles, "CIVL 1101 - Civil Engineering Measurements" . American Society of Civil Engineers. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Memphis. 1996.
"A virtual tour of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World". Cable News Network. 1997.
"The Seven Natural Wonders of the World". Cable News Network. 1997.
"Natural Wonders" Environmental Education Program, Vol. 4, Issue no 5. Prague Post Endowment Fund. November 20, 2003. (PDF)
Parkin, Tim, "Researching Ancient Wonders, A (fairly idiosyncratic) Research Guide". Department of Classics, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. (Originally designed to accompany adult evening classes.)
Ashmawy, Alaa K., "The seven wonders of the ancient world". January 21, 2004.
Krystek, Lee, "The seven wonders of the ancient world". Museum of Unnatural Mystery.
http://whc.unesco.org/nwhc/pages/doc/mainf3.htm
Seven Wonders of Ancient World - http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/